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Poster Full Abstracts - Evolution and Quantitative Genetics
Poster board number is above title. The first author is the presenter
270
windows larger than 500 kb around the genes
Dox
and
OdsH
show the signature of (almost) complete selective sweeps. Strikingly, the pattern of genomic
conflict is not limited to
Dox
and
OdsH
, but we find an over-representation of nucleoporin genes, which are also involved in genomic conflict, among the
most significant genes in genome-wide McDonald-Kreitman tests.
517A
Parallel Latitudinal Differentiation in Drosophila simulans.
Alisa Sedghifar, David Begun. Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA.
Patterns of latitudinal differentiation in species experiencing high gene flow provide evidence for spatially varying selection. We have compared genome-
wide patterns of differentiation in D. simulans populations from Australia and North America. Genomic regions showing high levels of differentiation on
both continents are very likely influenced by spatially varying selection. We describe patterns of continent-level convergent adaptive evolution at the
nucleotide, gene and pathway levels and relate these patterns to the selection response to variable environments.
518B
Intraspecific structure of
D. littoralis
Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
Svetlana Y. Sorokina
1
, Boris V. Andrianov
2
, Denis A. Romanov
2
, Prohor A.
Proshakov
1
, Vladimir G. Mitrofanov
1
. 1) Dept Genetics, Koltsov Inst Dev Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2) Dept Animal Genetics, Vavilov Inst
Gen Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
One of the main goals of evolutionary genetics is the study of mechanisms of speciation. In this context, the taxonomic systems that include intermediate
stages between undifferentiated populations and reproductively isolated species deserve the special attention.
D. littoralis
Meigen is natural widely
distributed palearctic species that forms fragmented, genetically heterogeneic populations in Eurasia from Iran to Northern taiga zone. In our previous study
we have developed and used mtDNA markers to characterize the intraspecific polymorphism of
D. littoralis
at inter- and intrapopulation levels. Our data
showed that Northern (European) and Southern (Caucasian) groups of populations are differentiated significantly and can be descendants of different
refugial populations that diverged independently. In this study we include to the analysis the sample from Abkhazian population (Caucasian group) of
D.
littoralis
and estimate its mtDNA polymorphism level. Also we use the nuclear polymorphic marker - LTRs of Tv1 retrotransposone that is specific for
virilis group to study the genetic structure of
D. littoralis
species. In addition, we conducted a series of hybridization experiments to detect the signs of
reproductive isolation between differentiated populations. Our data together with the data of allozyme (Goncharenko et al., 1989) and inversion (Mitrofanov,
Poluektova, 1982) polymorphisms analyses as well as with the data of morphological analysis of male mating organ (Kulikov et al., 2004) allow us to divide
D. littoralis
species to subspecies:
D. littoralis littoralis
Meigen and
D. littoralis imeretensis
Sokolov. The study was supported by Russian Foundation for
Basic Research (RFBR) grant 11-04-01630-a and Russian State grant "Gene pools and Genetic Diversity" Russian State grant "Gene pools and Genetic
Diversity".
519C
Two types of
cis-trans
compensation in the evolution of transcriptional regulation.
Toshiyuki Takano-Shimizu
1,2,3
, K. Ryo Takahasi
1,4
, Takashi
Matsuo
5,6
. 1) Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; 2) Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies
(SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan; 3) Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 4) Faculty of Life
Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan; 5) Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan; 6) Department of
Agricultural and Environmental Biology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Because distant species often share similar macromolecules, regulatory mutations are often considered responsible for much of their biological differences.
Recently, a large portion of regulatory changes has been attributed to
cis-
regulatory mutations. Here, we examined an alternative possibility that the putative
contribution of
cis-
regulatory changes was in fact caused by compensatory action of
cis-
and
trans-
regulatory elements. First, we show by stochastic
simulations that compensatory
cis-trans
evolution maintains the binding affinity of a transcription factor at a constant level, thereby spuriously exaggerating
the contribution of
cis-
regulatory mutations to gene expression divergence. This exaggeration was not observed when changes in the binding affinity were
compensated by variable transcription factor concentration. Second, using reciprocal introgressions of Drosophila, we demonstrate that relative expression of
heterozygous alleles from two distinct species often varied significantly between different species backgrounds, indicating the possible action of
cis-trans
compensation. Taken together, we propose that
cis-trans
hybrid incompatibilities are accumulating much faster than generally considered.
520A
Resequencing artificially selected populations to determine the genetic basis of quantitative traits.
Thomas L. Turner, Andrew D. Stewart, Paige
Miller. Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California Santa Barbara.
Genome-wide association studies hold the promise of comprehensive and systematic identification of the genetic basis of natural trait variation. However,
good statistical power to identify variants with low population frequencies or modest effects requires sample sizes that are generally prohibitive. As a
complimentary approach, we have combined population-based genome resequencing with large scale artificial selection on behavior (courtship song) and
morphology (body size) in Drosophila melanogaster. Selection on body size (expected to be a highly polygenic trait) was performed on large populations for
over 100 generations, while behavioral selection on courtship song was performed on more modest population sizes for 15 generations. This presentation
will compare and contrast the whole-genome resequencing data for the two experiments in order to determine the power and prospects for future studies.
521B
Adaptation to mustard oils in the
Drosophila
radiation: ecological, genetic, biochemical, and metabolomics evidence across a specialization
gradient.
Andrew Gloss
1
, Timothy Rast
1
, Rick Lapoint
1
, Michael Reichelt
3
, Katharina Schramm
3
, Daniel Vassao
3
, Jonathan Gershenzon
3
, Bill Montfort
2
,
Noah Whiteman
1
. 1) Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; 2) Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Univ of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ; 3) Dept of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
Mustard oils, the breakdown products of glucosinolates, are ecologically important defense compounds found in plants in the order Brassicales. Mustard
oils (isothiocyanates) deter most generalist herbivores; however, molecular studies have revealed novel detoxification mechanisms in specialists preventing